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Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) - Reunion (2004)

Compare Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002) z Reunion (2004)

 Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)Reunion (2004)
 Saint Pierre and MiquelonReunion
Administrative divisions none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure 0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864)


15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193)


65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 30.9% (male 121,050; female 115,440)


15-64 years: 63.1% (male 238,553; female 245,236)


65 years and over: 6% (male 18,626; female 27,248) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports 2 (2001) 2 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 242 sq km


land: 242 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
total: 2,517 sq km


land: 2,507 sq km


water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration, supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians, gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate 14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 19.69 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $70 million


expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million
revenues: $1.26 billion


expenditures: $2.62 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (1998)
Capital Saint-Pierre Saint-Denis
Climate cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline 120 km 207 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon


conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon


local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon


local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
conventional long form: Department of Reunion


conventional short form: Reunion


local long form: none


local short form: Ile de la Reunion


former: Bourbon Island
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF) euro (EUR)
Death rate 6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 5.48 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $NA NA
Dependency status self-governing territorial collectivity of France overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territorial collectivity of France) none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territorial collectivity of France) none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient approximately $60 million in annual grants from France $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France (2001 est.)
Economy - overview The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector. The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture, but services now dominate. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption 38.13 million kWh (2000) 1.005 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 41 million kWh (2000) 1.08 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment NA
Ethnic groups Basques and Bretons (French fishermen) French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997) euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002)


head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Dominique VIAN (since 16 August 2004)


head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993)


cabinet: NA


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports $12 million f.o.b. (1999) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999) France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions the flag of France is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.) purchasing power parity - $4.348 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 8%


industry: 19%


services: 73% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.) purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 2.5% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 46 50 N, 56 20 W 21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note vegetation scanty this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean
Highways total: 114 km


paved: 69 km


unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
total: 2,724 km


paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road)


unpaved: 1,424 km (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports $55 million f.o.b. (1999) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners France 44%, Canada 40% (1999) France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)
Independence none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763) none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA
Industries fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate 8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 7.95 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 8.71 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.1% (1991-96 average) NA
International organization participation FZ, WFTU InOC, UPU, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 120 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force 3,000 (1997) (1997) 309,900 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.) agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 13.04%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
arable land: 13.6%


permanent crops: 1.2%


other: 85.2% (2001)
Languages French (official) French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation French law
Legislative branch unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5


note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms)


elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council (second round) - percent of vote by party - PCR 44.9%, UMP 32.8%, PS-Greens 22.3%; seats by party - PCR 27, UMP 11, PS-Greens 7


note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.93 years


male: 75.66 years


female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)
total population: 73.69 years


male: 70.29 years


female: 77.26 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99%


male: 99%


female: 99% (1982 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 88.9%


male: 87%


female: 90.8% (2003 est.)
Location Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada) Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references North America World
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT


by type: chemical tanker 1


foreign-owned: Sweden 1


registered in other countries: 1
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 202,385 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 103,073 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 7,070 (2004 est.)
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)


adjective: French
noun: Reunionese (singular and plural)


adjective: Reunionese
Natural hazards persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate -4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA] Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 6,954 (July 2002 est.) 766,153 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 0.35% (2002 est.) 1.42% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Saint Pierre Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios 4,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 99% Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: adequate


domestic: NA


international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis


domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network


international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Telephones - main lines in use 4,000 (1997) 300,000 est (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1994) 489,800 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997) 35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain mostly barren rock mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.) 2.5 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 9.8% (1997) (1997) 36% (1999 est.)
Waterways none -
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